Governor.



No. 7|5,9e|. Patented Dec. I6, I902.

H. J. souvn-zn.

GOVERNOR.

(Application filed Apr. 91, 1902.) (N0 Modal.) 3 Shaetr-Shaef l.

Y v 1706223271 fii izrz'ffiauwir 5 mm cc mommm. WA5HINOTQN, D-

Patented Dec. I6, I902. H. J. BUUVIEB.

GOVERNOR.

(Application filed Apr. 21, 1902,)

(No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A? A? lizrz'effiouwwf No. 7I5,96l. 'Patenfed Dec. l6, I902. H. J. souvnzn.

GOVERNOR.

(Application filed Apr. 21, 1902.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

76%26 6d. v I fzzyerzfazr xii wan efjmwaz' UNITED STATES:

PATENT ()FFICE,

HENRI JOSEPH BOUVIER, OF GRENOBLE, FRANCE.

GOVERNOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. '71 5,961, dated December 16, 1902. Application filed April 21,1902. Serial No. 104,025. (Nomodel- To all whont it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRI J OSEPH Bou- VIER, engine-builder, a citizen of the French Republic, residing at Grenoble, department of Isere, France, (post-office address Chemin du Polygone,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Governors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a governing device which is applicable to all kinds of prime movers, and especially to hydraulic motors.

While in steam -engines it is possible to cause the governor to act directly on the valvegear, it becomes necessary in the case of hy-. draulic motors to arrange between the governor and the sluice some kind of intermediate transmissiongear, because the sluice requires for its operation the exertion of a certain amount of power,which"cannot be obtained from the governor. In the governing devices hitherto known the governor acts by means of a coupling on a gearing actuated by the hydraulic motor, so as to open or close the valve of an auxiliary motor operating the sluice directly. The sluice mechanism is thus connected to the governor only through the medium of an auxiliary motor, which does not necessarily stop the sluice in the position of equilibriu m-that is, the position corresponding to the equality between the motive power and load. To obtain a good regulation of speed and avoid the oscillation resulting from the latter mode of governing,

it is therefore necessary that the governor should not act by the release of a mechanism, as in the casejust considered, but should influence in a continuous and direct manner the sluice mechanism through the medium of relays supplying the Whole of the power necessary for operating the sluice. If in this case the variation of speed is not to exceed five per cent, for instance, any suitable governor may be used and the same caused to have a controlling action on the part of its stroke that corresponds to a variation of five per cent. By means of suitable gearing the'sluice mechanism can be actuated by the movement of the governor, the governing being effected in such a manner that the sluice is fully open when the governor occupies its lowest position and completely closed when the governor has reached its highest position. By suitably calculating the proportions of the fly-wheels, so as to eliminate the influence of other causes of irregularity, the variation of speed will never exceed five per cent.

The object of my invention is a governing device which fulfils all these requirements.

In the said apparatus the governor acts on an outlet discharging a liquid forced by a rotary pump driven at a practically constant speed, the variation of the area of the outlet causing variations of the pressure of the liquid delivered, which pressure acts on a piston whose motion is opposed by springs or other suitable means. For the Whole range of the variation of the pressure this piston compresses the springs by a certain amount, thereby accomplishing a certain travel, while each of its successive positions corresponds to acertain determined pressure in the apparatus. This travel of the piston I utilize for actuating directly the hydraulic motors sluice when it does not require the exertion of a large amount of power of its movement. If, on the contrary, the operation of the sluice requires a large amount of power, I cause the said piston to actuate the operating-valve of an auxiliary motor connected directly to the sluice.

In order that my invention may be clearly understood, 1 will now proceed to describe the same more fully, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure lis an elevation of my apparatus,

showing in section the auxiliary-motor connected thereto. Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section through line A B of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 is a horizontal section, on a larger scale, through line C D of Fig. 3.

a is the governor, the spindle of which is supported by a bed-plate b. The sleeve of this governor is connected to one end of a rod 0, fulcrumed in d to the bed-plate b and operating at its other enda lever e, controlling through the medium of a crankf the plug g of a cock, which will be further described. This cock enables a rotary pump driven by a'pulley h to draw water from a tankj and to force it back thereinto, it being the suction-pipe. The water, raised by the vanes it is forced into a pressure-chamber m, in which is provided a cylindrical casing ICO at, having two openings 0 0, arranged diametrically opposite each other. In this casing turns the plug g, which is likewise provided with two openings 1) p. The inside part of the plug opens into the tankj and provides openings of variable area for the return of the water into the tank.

T0 the chamber m is attached a pipe q, connected to the end of a cylinder 1*, containing a piston 3, working against the action of a system of springs t. The rod .9 of the piston s carries the valve 1, operating the auxiliary motor, which is constructed as follows:

In a chamber it moves a hollow piston 1;, provided with a port 10 and controlling, by means of a rod ill, the lever g, which operates the sluice. The piston v has attached to it a differential piston .2, inside which moves the rodof the piston s, carrying the valve 1, which closes the port 20. The differential piston is provided at 2 with an opening for the outlet of pressure-water supplied by a pipe 3 to the annular space 4-, comprised between the chamber 14 and the piston z 11. As will be hereinafter explained, this piston follows exactly all the movements of its valve.

The operation of my apparatus is a follows: The pump delivering a practically constant quantity of water forces it into the pressurechamber 771. Part of this water falls back into the tankj as it flows through the openings of the cook. The pressure existing in the chamber at is transmitted to the piston s of cylinder 0'. If the plug g is rotated by the action of the governor, the resulting variations of the area of the return flow of the water will cause corresponding variations of pressure in the chamber m, and consequently on the pistons, for the pump having a practically constant delivery the pressure of the water delivered byit will become greater as the return-flow area becomes more throttled. The governor ct therefore cause a direct variation of the pressure on the piston 8, thereby causing it to exert avariable efiort on the spring 25, which becomes more or less compressed and insures the piston occupying a position determined by that of the governor. Let us, for instance, presume that the pressure of the delivery is increasing. The pressure on piston 8 increases, and the piston compressing the spring t moves toward the right, Fig. 1, while the valve 1 moves likewise to the right, and the port to establishes a communication between the port 2 of piston z and the chamber 5, comprised between the right-hand face of the piston 11 and the bottom of the chamber 76. The water supplied by the pipe 3 will exert its pressure only on the left-hand annular face of the piston 21. This pressure causes the piston U to move to the right and to impart to the sluice the required amount of motion. If, on the contrary, the piston 8 tends to move toward the left in consequence of a decrease of pressure, the valve 1 moves likewise toward the left, and the communication between the water under pressure flowing through the pipe 3 and the port 2 is interrupted; but the space 6 and the port to form a communication between the annular space 4 and the chamber 5. The same pressure is exerted on both sides of the piston 41; but While on the side corresponding to chamber 5 the pressure is exerted on the whole of the piston area it is on the side corresponding to the space 4 exerted only an annular area. Under these conditions the pressure in 5 being the greater will cause the piston to move toward the left and move the sluice in a direction opposite to that of the previous case. Thus with this arrangement the governor actuates the sluice-gear through the medium of the hereinbefore-described mechanism, the power exerted being only that which is necessary to turn the plug g. To sum up: Let it be presumed, as in the preamble of this specification, that the variation of speed is not to exceed five percent. When the speed increases, the governor gradually decreases the cross-sectional area of the passage of liquid through the valve, and vice versa if the speed decreases. The pump revolving at a practically constant speed forces exactly, or nearly so, the quantity of water delivered by it is constant. The pressure of the forced liquid increases as the area of the outlet decreases for a variation of speed of five per cent. The pressure of delivery may, for instance, vary from zero to ten kilograms per square centimeter. This pressure is exerted on the piston which compresses the springs that are so adjusted that for a range of variation of pressure from zero to ten kilograms the total piston-stroke is equal to the total lift of the sluice. The piston actuates directly the valve of an auxiliary motor operating the sluice and driven byliquid-pressure, this pressure being that due to the head of the water driving the hydraulic motor, or the pressure may be produced by an accumulatorforce-pump. This auxiliarylnotorfollows exactly the movements of its valve, and consequently that of the piston connected thereto. To each position of the governor comprised within the given range of variationfive per cent, for instance-corresponds a certainpressure in the pipe q, and consequently a definite compression of the springs, insuring an exact position of the piston and through the medium of the auxiliary motor a definite position of the sluice or gate of the hydraulic motor.

The hereinbefore-described arrangement by means of which the governor controls the sluice through the agency of a gradually-increasing pressure working against the action of opposing springs has the further advantage that it may be applied not only to one, but also to several hydraulic motors. In this case only one pressure-generating apparatus and governor are used, the said apparatus being driven by the machinery of the plant the working speed of which has to be controlled. Each hydraulic motor is in this case provided with an auxiliary motor, with its piston and counterbalancing-springs, the liquid under pressure being supplied to each auxiliary motor by the aforesaid single pressure-generating apparatus by means of a common main connected to the pressure-chamber m. All the sluices are thus worked simulraneously. The stroke of each sluice may, however, be separately regulated by a suitable adjustment of the auxiliary motor operating it.

The hereinbefore described arrangement may also be applied to a group of steam-engines. In this case, the effort to be exerted being relatively small, the auxiliary motors maybe dispensed with and the pistons 3 connected directly to the cut-off gear.

The hereinbefore-described mode of governing the speed of a series of motors by means of a single governor is of special advantage for central electric-power stations, as it has been found out that independent governors controlling motors connected together were in themselves a cause of considerable speed fluctuations.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1. In a speed-controlling device for motors, the combination with the motor, of a centrifugal governor actuated thereby, a rotary pump actuated by the motor and communieating with a liquid-supply, a pressure-chamber in communication with said pump and adapted to receive the liquid from said supply through the medium of said pump, means connected with said governor and arranged in the said pressure-chamber for regulating the supply of fluid thereto, a cylinder, means for conducting liquid from said pressurechamber to said cylinder, a piston operating in said cylinder, and an auxiliary motor connected to said piston.

2. In a speed-controlling device for hye draulic steam, and other motors, a'centrifugal governor and a water-circulating pump both operated from the motor, a piston in communication with a pressure-chamber behind the pump and means for operating the sluice, consisting of an auxiliary motor connected with the piston, substantially as described.

3. In a speed-controlling device for motors, the combination with sluice mechanism and the motor, of a centrifugal governor actuated thereby, a water-circulating pump operated from the motor, a pressure-chamber adapted to be supplied with liquid by the said pump, means for regulating the supply of liquid to said chamber, a piston in communication with said chamber and adapted to be operated by the supply of pressure thereto, and means connected to said piston for operating the said sluice mechanism.

4. In a speed-controlling device for motors, a governor, a pressure-chamber, means for supplying liquid to said chamber, means connected with the governor and adapted to regulate the supply of liquid to said chamber, a piston communicating with said chamber and operated by the pressure therefrom, and an auxiliary motor actuated by said piston.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- UGSSQS.

HENRI JOSEPH BOUVIER.

Witnesses:

J osEPH MARIUs BROCHIER, PAUL GUILLOT. 

